Visual Narratives in Higher Education

A Scoping Review of Comic, Manga, Graphic Novels and Cartoons as Educational Tools

Abstract

This scoping review explores the use of comics, graphic novels, manga and cartoons in higher education (HE) for learning and teaching. Drawing on eighteen articles published between 2000 and 2023 across diverse academic disciplines, it examines teaching approaches, motivations and outcomes associated with these visual media.

The review finds that comics function both as educational resources and as tools for promoting active learning in such fields as economics, psychology, health sciences, biology, chemistry, computer science and the creative industries. These media help make complex academic content more accessible, engaging and comprehensible, while enhancing student motivation and engagement. Educators employ comics to initiate activities, illustrate professional and social realities and stimulate discussion, dialogue and reflection. This approach broadens students’ perspectives, fosters critical reflection and supports the development of both critical thinking and professional skills.

Despite the potential of comics, the review identifies a lack of detailed pedagogical strategies and guidance, or ‘comics literacy’, to optimise their educational benefits. It calls for a critical evaluation and a theoretical underpinning to guide their use in HE and highlights the need for further research to realise fully their potential in this sector.